How to format quotations and references correctly
Using other authors' ideas is a normal part of academic work. Plagiarism means not acknowledging the source. Citing correctly is therefore a matter of both integrity and quality.
Three ways to use a source
- Direct quotation: word for word, in quotation marks, with a page number. Use it briefly and only when needed.
- Paraphrase: the idea in your own words and sentence structure, with a reference.
- Summary: a short synthesis of several sources — referencing all of them.
In-text citation
Check which style your department requires (for example GOST or APA) and use one style throughout. Common forms: the source number and page in square brackets — [5, p. 34], or author and year — (Karimov, 2021). What matters is that every citation leads to a specific entry in the reference list.
Reference list
- Every source cited in the text appears in the list, and vice versa.
- Give full details: author, title, place of publication, year and pages (for articles — journal, issue, pages).
- For online sources, include the link and the access date.
- Check journal credibility: sources from predatory journals weaken the work — plagiatx.uz/jurnallar.
Questions
How many quotations is too many?
Your department sets the exact norm, but the general rule is that a quotation should support your argument, not replace it. If a chapter is mostly quotations, replace them with paraphrase and your own analysis.
What if I reuse my own earlier work?
Reusing your own previously submitted or published text without a reference is often treated as self-plagiarism. Cite your own article like any other source.
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Iqtibos va manbalarni to'g'ri rasmiylashtirish
Boshqa muallif fikridan foydalanish — ilmiy ishning odatiy qismi. Plagiat esa manbani ko'rsatmaslik. Shuning uchun iqtibosni to'g'ri rasmiylashtirish — ham halollik, ham ishning sifati masalasi.
Как правильно оформлять цитаты и источники
Использовать мысли других авторов — обычная часть научной работы. Плагиат — это не указать источник. Поэтому правильное цитирование — вопрос и честности, и качества работы.
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